Author: Sebastien Peyrouse, GWU. The Chinese state press agency Xinhua reported that during the encounter Xi referred to Kim as 你, while Kim referred to Xi as 您. Wang Cong, ‘Chaos caused by US trade aggression spurs faster regional FTA talks’. “ Competitive neutrality ” … The Chinese government prefers the use of the more neutral term when referring to the Djibouti base, such as «support base» (保障基地), «logistical facility» (后 勤设施), or «protective facility» (防护设施). Francesca Congiu & Christian Rossi, ‘China 2017: Searching for internal and international consent’, Asia Maior 2017, pp. © 2020 Diplomat Media Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Boao Forum for Asia annual conference. 106. This process was begun by Xi Jinping when he came to power and was confirmed by the 19th Party Congress (October 2017), and later by the annual session of the National People’s Congress (NPC), in March 2018. As more details become known, it is time to take stock of this reorientation. Most-Read Articles. This was reflected in changes to the foreign policy leadership team at the CCP’s National Congress in November 2017 and the National People’s Congress session in March 2018. By Taboola. 109. China’s foreign policy 2018: implementing the China Dream. 100. The announced “upgrade” of the former Central Leading Small Group on Foreign Affairs to Central Foreign Affairs Commission can be interpreted as a signal of increased party control over foreign policy making (see part 2 of this series). ‘Xi Jinping, Kim Jong-un hold talks in Dalian’, The Global Times, 8 May 2018. ‘Xi says China will continue to support free trade’, Xinhuanet, 10 April 2018. Enjoying this article? Trump was especially keen to punish Beijing for years of unfair trade policies, including stealing American intellectual property for the benefit of the Chinese economy, and the end of the policy of subsidy and state support to the technology and innovation programmes of Chinese state-owned enterprises. This was reflected in changes to the foreign policy leadership team at the CCP’s National Congress in November 2017 and the National People’s Congress session in March 2018. Dorcas Wong & Alexander Chipman Koty, ‘The US-China Trade War: A Timeline’, China Briefing, 10 January 2019. Chen Weihua, ‘US experts praise keynote speech at Boao’, China Daily, 16 April 2018; ‘Analysis of President Xi Jinping’s Boao Forum speech’, The Telegraph, 20 April 2018. 49. However, the project risked collapse as Podgorica’s debt was expected to approach 80 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) by the end of 2018. [122] Furthermore, the study revealed that eight of those 23 countries, namely, Djibouti, the Maldives, Laos, Mongolia, Montenegro, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, would most likely face difficulties in repaying their debt because of future financing related to BRI projects. As a result, China's foreign policy has become more active and dynamic. Click here to subscribe for full access. The fact that the 16+1 Group summit – held in Sofia on 6-7 July – was postponed by almost half a year from its original schedule, at Beijing’s initiative, to only a few days before the EU-China Summit, irritated many officials in Brussels and left some EU 16+1 members embarrassed. 112. Michelguglielmo Torri & Diego Maiorano, ‘India 2017: Narendra Modi’s continuing hegemony and his challenge to China’, Asia Maior 2017, pp. Keegan Helmer, ‘US economist Jeffrey Sachs retreats from Twitter after criticising US’ treatment of Huawei CFO Meng Wanzhou’, South China Morning Post, 1 January 2019. He was clearly signalling his government’s objection to a portion of the BRI, that is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) – one of the six economic corridors under the Initiative – which passes through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. As a result, China's foreign policy has become more active and dynamic. 59. Send by email. 16. Meanwhile, during the year under review, China had to manage very troubled relations with the US as a direct consequence of the trade war unleashed by the Trump administration, which went far beyond trade imbalances and commercial issues. For Lankov, «China is seen as a potential threat, almost as much as the US is. On 5 December, Portugal joined the list of European countries to sign such a memorandum. The October meeting was a clear demonstration of both sides being able to reach a mutual accommodation, «under the shadow of Trump». Japan was aware that despite the security concerns, the country’s return to economic growth had been in part fueled by the Chinese economy’s growth, and that any sustained economic growth in Japan would necessarily include more, not less, trade and engagement with China. [28], 3.3. 21. Ben Blanchard, ‘China says not putting pressure on Taiwan’s last Africa ally’, Reuters, 1 September 2018. 103. Unsurprisingly, India was the only member state that did not endorse the BRI programme, as revealed in the «Qingdao Declaration», which named all member states, except one, as «reiterating support for China’s BRI» project. North Korea’s best friend had snubbed it for its most bitter rival.[41]. As a result, China's foreign policy has become more active and dynamic. 31. Rob Price & Troy Wolverton, ‘Canada arrested Huawei’s CFO, and the US is seeking to extradite her,’ Business Insider, 5 December 2018. Saibal Dasgupta, ‘India only SCO member to oppose China’s BRI’, The Times of India, 10 June 2018. John Hurley, Scott Morris & Gailyn Portelance, ‘Examining the Debt Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative from a Policy Perspective’, CGD Policy Paper, No. Addressing the forum, Kim Jeongil, director general of the FTA Policy Bureau at South Korea’s Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, stated that the world was witnessing growing trade protectionism, which created urgency for completing talks on the China-Japan-South Korea FTA and other multilateral trade pacts. Christopher Woody, ‘Here’s how Donald Trump took shots at NATO in 2018 – and it spurred Jim Mattis to quit in protest’, Business Insider, 21 December 2018 102. The most emblematic cases regarded the US, with the Secretary of State Mike Pompeo issuing a warning to Panama and other nations in the region about the potential dangers of accepting Chinese investments,[116] and the EU, with the aforementioned letter of condemnation of the BRI signed by 27 of the 28 EU ambassadors in Beijing (see § 6.2.). On the one hand it contributed to the thawing in relations between China and Japan, while at the same time facilitated the revival of the trilateral negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between China, Japan and South Korea. ‘Worried Nato partners wonder if Atlantic alliance can survive Trump’, The Guardian, 8 July 2018. The White House, Statement from the Press Secretary Regarding the President’s Working Dinner with China, 1 December 2018 https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-regarding-presidents-working-dinner-china. 33. 121. ‘Xi stresses centralized, unified leadership of CPC Central Committee over foreign affairs’, China Daily, 15 May 2018. Cheang Ming, ‘China’s mammoth Belt and Road Initiative could increase debt risk for 8 countries’, CNBC, 5 March 2018. That said, its general office, which was located inside the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, was reportedly often bypassed by other government agencies because it was seen as low-ranking and ineffective, and the group appeared to be incapable of coordinating China’s foreign policy. [95] Besides the hotline, the agreement provided for regular meetings between both nations’ defense officials and a mechanism for their naval vessels to communicate at sea to avert maritime incidents. That is why according to Scott Snyder and See-won Byun: «China’s rapid revival of its traditional role as North Korea’s staunchest supporter might prove to be the more strategically significant development». Here the peculiar position of India must be highlighted, it being a member of the revived quadrilateral entente, or «Quad», which besides India, includes Australia, Japan, and the US. The third was similar to the time-honoured visits of foreign heads of state, and as such heavily covered in newspapers and television news bulletins. Cynthia Miller-Idriss. Xi Jinping has put the world on notice that China intends to be an active global player. Reflecting our belief that the Chinese-American partnership is the most important bilateral relationship in the world, we produce close examinations of the events that shape the foreign policies of these countries. 1. Chinese attitudes toward immigration are growing more diverse, with many remaining neutral or positive despite alarming headlines. Exploring China's new Central Foreign Affairs Commission. To this end, the British government appointed Sir Douglas Flint, former Chairman of HSBC, as its BRI envoy, to ensure that projects become more bankable and open to financiers from around the world. p. 285. Proseguendo la navigazione o cliccando sul tasto [Accetto], si accetta il nostro utilizzo dei cookie Maggiori informazioni Accetto. Marco Milani & Barbara Onnis, ‘Penisola coreana 2014: «ombre» all’interno e «luci» all’esterno’, Asia Maior 2014, p. 128. [72] Meanwhile, the US president and Vice President Mike Pence accused Beijing of meddling in the upcoming American mid-term elections. [123] The eight-countries list also included a European country – Montenegro – that saw a sharp increase in its debt after accepting a Chinese loan in order to construct a highway linking the port of Bar to Serbia. Not surprisingly the main focus of the debate was how his visit to North Korea might affect China’s difficult relations with the US. In any case, the support of its main ally was probably seen as essential for the redefinition of the North Korean foreign strategy. Towards the centralization of foreign policy decision-making, Since coming to power Xi Jinping has asserted himself as a strong leader and has impressed a strong guide both domestically and internationally, inaugurating a new era of proactive foreign policy, mainly symbolized by the launch of significant international initiatives. Anna Fifield, ‘China and Japan pledge to take their relationship in «new historic direction»’, The Washington Post, 26 October 2018. This is part 1. 110. [48] The «Panmunjom Declaration» made explicit reference to a peace treaty among three or four parties (North Korea, South Korea, the United States, and China). [33], Interestingly, the 7th FOCAC was preceded in June by an unprecedented China-Africa Defense and Security Forum, a two-week conference hosted by China’s Ministry of National Defense in Beijing. Washington has long viewed Huawei and its close ties to the Chinese government as a threat to national security and the US has been investigating Huawei for possible violations of UN sanctions on Iran. America Can Learn From Germany’s Response. [106], The main reason for the postponement resided in the fact that Beijing remained unmoved by the loud calls from Berlin, Brussels and Paris to tone down its 16+1 activities. 88. Xi interprets the «China dream» as a process of «great rejuvenation» of the Chinese nation (中国复兴) and describes it as achieving «two centenarian goals» ( 两个一百年奋斗目标): the material goal of becoming a «moderately well-off society» ( 小康社会) by 2021, which marks the CCP’s 100th anniversary, and the modernization goal of transforming China into «a wealthy and strong socialist country» (富强的社会主 义国家) by about 2049, which will mark the 100th anniversary of PRC’s founding. 86. The new Politburo Standing Committee members Wang Huning and Wang Yang, as well as the new Politburo member Yang Jiechi, had been deputy leaders of the BRI “leading group” since 2014. 4. 6.1. Lina Benabdallah, ‘China-Africa military ties have deepened. 83-92, esp. 113. 79-82. Instead of “working toward” he now wants to “lead” the reform of global governance. [49] Not surprisingly Xi Jinping emphasized more the geostrategic importance of the renewed bilateral ties than the Peninsula’s denuclearization. Catherine Wong, ‘Will Donald Trump and Xi Jinping rekindle their «great chemistry» at the G20 summit?’, South China Morning Post, 26 November 2018. ‘Modi, Xi say perceptible improvement in India-China relations post-Wuhan summit’, The Hindu Business Line, 1 December 2018. Mo Jingxi, ‘Anniversary Celebrations show importance of DPRK ties, experts say’, China Daily, 10 September 2018; ‘China’s top legislator visits DPRK, attends Foundation Day celebrations’, Xinhuanet, 10 September 2018. Further, compliance costs for container shipments will be reduced by at least US$100 by the end of 2018. The current debate on the question of whether China has become more assertive involves two opposing opinions on Beijing’s foreign policy orientation. Here are 4 things to know’. Lili Kuo, ‘Kim Jong-un meets Xi Jinping for third time’, The Guardian, 19 June 2018. approval of $330 million military sale to Taiwan draws China’s ire’, Reuters, 24 September 2018. He coined new concepts such as the “community of a shared destiny for humankind,” and his administration even managed to insert this language into several UN documents. The state of relations and the different level of cooperation between the two parties were clearly shown in a promotional video produced by China Global Network Television (CGNT) from China Media Group and aired at the start of the opening ceremony. China's foreign policy today is summarized as strategic relations with neighboring countries and the world's superpowers to strive for China's national interest, and to create a favorable environment for China's domestic development for perpetual competition in the world in the long-run. For further details see 郑泽光, ‘新时代的中国特色大国外交’, 国 际问题研究 (Zheng Zeguang, ‘The diplomacy of great powers with Chinese character- istics in the new era’, Research on international issues) n. 3, 2018. While these are only subplots in a larger drama that also includes a military contest in the Pacific and nuclear negotiations with North Korea, they could also define the next chapter in that relationship». [98] This was particularly evident during the 20th China-EU Summit. Strained relations between China and the US: beyond the iron fist on tariffs. Central Asia’s paradoxical role in Chinese foreign policy 17 August 2018. 115. Photo: VCG. [67], In the midst of growing trade tensions, other factors contributed to further deteriorate bilateral relations. By solving the issues outlined, Feng argues regional stability alongside economic prosperity is possible. 91. Interestingly, at 2018’s summit, China mentioned neither the market-economy topic nor the issue of the arms embargo.[102]. There are zero warm feelings between the two countries». China emerged as a major economic, diplomatic, and military power during the critical decade from 2008 to 2018. The best books we reviewed in 2018. During the speech Xi announced that China would implement eight major initiatives with African countries in the following three years and beyond, covering fields such as industrial promotion, infrastructure connectivity, trade facilities, and green development, in an evident attempt to rebrand China’s policy in Africa, and definitively dispel the accusation of neocolonialism.[29]. [54] Previous reports had suggested Xi Jinping would travel to Pyongyang to meet with Kim Jong Un in what would have been the fourth summit between the two leaders in 2018, and the first visit by a Chinese leader to North Korea in over a decade. Despite the banality and rhetoric of the title – «A Shared Dream, A Shared Future» (同心筑梦命运与共) – the video was a compilation of the many activities that China pursues in Africa on different levels, and in many ways is emblematic of China’s definitive success on the continent. Indeed, China was at the centre of a trade war unleashed by Donald Trump’s administration which went far beyond any commercial issues. The Government’s Statement of Foreign Policy 2018 Published 14 February 2018. Qi Yu, a diplomatic novice but a Party work veteran, is the new secretary of the Party Committee of China’s Foreign Ministry. 96. The rise of China's military power represents one of the most complex and pressing foreign policy concerns confronting the next US President. ‘Qingdao Declaration of the Council of Heads of State of Shanghai Cooperation Organization’, 10 June 2018, (http://eng.sectsco.org/documents). 38. The 18th SCO summit, held between 9-10 June in East China’s coastal city of Qingdao, was the first following the crucial membership expansion to include India and Pakistan in June 2017; these were grounds enough to consider it a historical summit. [99] That statement became part of Washington’s constant criticism of NATO’s European allies for not spending enough on defense. In the framework of the Initiative, China has defined three potential priorities areas for economic cooperation, i.e. The Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) annual conference, which took place in Boao, a town in the southern island province of Hainan, from 8 to 10 April, was the first since Xi Jinping was «unanimously re-elected» as Chinese president and the first since China’s commitment to building a «community with a shared future for humanity» (人类命运公同体) was written into the country’s constitution in March. Fact Sheet: Communist Party Groups in Foreign Companies in China. For his part, the Chinese president stated that the two neighbours had to move in a «new historic direction» by working together at a time of growing global «instability and uncertainty». The key element of this process was the reform of the Chinese decision-making system, which included both the reorganization of institution building and the amendment of the former procedures of foreign policy decision-making. [114] Interestingly, Lisbon not only signed, despite pressure against doing so from both the European Union and the US State Department, but the communiqué stated that both parties agreed to jointly encourage the strengthening of the EU-China Strategic Partnership, and work towards developing «synergies» between the BRI and EU connectivity and investment strategies.[115]. [76], Many observers in their analysis pointed to the importance of the leaders’ personal chemistry as a means of dispelling the possibility of a new Cold War. ... named in a 2018 … The article concludes with an update on the ubiquitous BRI, that in 2018 celebrated its 5th anniversary, amid continuing expansion and growing criticism. The Chinese president began talking about a “new type of international relations” in 2013. Lina Benabdallah, ‘China-Africa military ties have deepened. What should we expect from Beijing this lunar year? All the commissions were put under the chair of Xi Jinping, while the other members of the Politburo Standing Committee served as his deputy. 116. 26. Foreign Policy News From trade to conflict, diplomacy to humanitarianism, China-US Focus traces the lines that connect the world’s nations. 45. 崔士方, ‘从“小组治国”到“委员会治国” | 外交部’, 大纪元 时报 (Cui Shifang, ‘From «group governance» to «Commission governing the coun- try»’, The Epoch Times, 22 March 2018. In overhauling China’s foreign policy, party and state leader Xi Jinping started at the top. If the accusations were confirmed she risked a maximum penalty of 30 years in prison. The Congress was of major significance also because Xi Jinping’s power over the party state grew yet further, resulting in a power concentration referred to as “the coronation” of Xi. Charlotte Gao, ‘2018: China Vows to Be the Keeper of International Order’, The Diplomat, 2 January 2018. M. Vasquez, ‘Trump calls the European Union a «foe» of the United States’, CNN, 16 July 2018. The U.S., which the ISRI said exported $5.6 billion worth of scrap to China in 2016, asked China last month to "immediately halt" its ban. ‘Portugal Officially Joins the Belt and Road Initiative’, Executive Intelligence Review, 5 December 2018. 67. Daniel Hurst, ‘From Japan, US VP Denounces «Authoritarianism and Aggression»’, The Diplomat, 16 November 2018. According to Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi, Xi’s attendance at the BFA annual conference at that historic moment – 2018 marked the 40th anniversary of «reform and opening-up» and the beginning of the implementation of the decisions taken at the 19th Party Congress – was of great significance in further promoting the «major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era», building «a community with a shared future» for Asia and humanity, and advancing the cause of peace and development. By reporting to journalists after meeting with Xi, Abe declared: «From competition to coexistence, Japanese and Chinese bilateral relations have entered a new phase», adding that he wanted «to carve out a new era for China and Japan». Zhou Xin & Jun Mai, ‘Xi Jinping, Donald Trump agree to talks at G20 summit next month, source says’, South China Morning Post, 19 October 2018. [58] But Xi Jinping’s decision to send a representative might also be related to concerns about China appearing to support North Korea’s nuclear weapons programmes, especially considering that Kim might choose to show off his nuclear-capable ballistic missiles at the parade. The second meeting, on 8 May in Dalian, projected quite strangely the image of an already well-established relationship between the two leaders, despite the fact that it was «newborn», about to prepare for the Kim-Trump meeting. The enemy of my enemy is my friend. The aim was to create a more efficient system that could better serve the interests of the country, eager to realize its national dream. So far it has signed 17 FTAs with 25 countries and regions and is in talks over 12 new or upgraded FTA deals. Wang Xiaotiao, who heads the new institution, promoted the BRI as deputy director of the powerful National Development and Reform Commission, and in his new role makes the BRI central to every statement. 121, March 2018. Ankit Panda, ‘China’s Li Zhanshu to Visit North Korea As Xi Jinping’s Special Representative’, The Diplomat, 5 September 2018. multiple actors striving to influence foreign policy.[10]. China will streamline and accelerate customs clearance by slashing the number of customs clearance documents from 86 to 46. [34] Contrary to the vision of the majority of experts who considered China’s relations with African states to be mainly economically focused and far less interested in military matters, the Forum was a demonstration of China’s growing military ties with Africa, [35] symbolized by the inauguration of the country’s first over- seas «military base» in Djibouti in August 2017,[36] and Beijing’s increasing contribution to UN peacekeeping missions. 267-280, esp. On 14 February, Minister for Foreign Affairs Margot Wallström presented the 2018 Statement of Foreign Policy in the Riksdag. China emerged as a major economic, diplomatic, and military power during the critical decade from 2008 to 2018. Zhang Lihua, Ye Zicheng, Wang Hongxu, et al., ‘What does «great power diplomacy with Chinese characteristics» mean?’, Carnegie-Tsinghua, Center for Global Policy, 20 April 2018. This is why some countries have actively resisted China’s calls for them to sign BRI MoUs, while simultaneously trying to work with Beijing to improve the debt sustainability of the Initiative and ensure it meets international standards. But the propaganda storm began soon after he became president in 2013, Xi having used the term numerous times in his first address to the nation as head of state on 17 March. Shannon Tiezzi, ‘FOCAC 2018: Rebranding China in Africa’, The Diplomat, 5 September 2018. [71] It should be noted that those flights came just a few weeks after a showdown between a Chinese destroyer and a US navy warship near the Spratly Islands. POLICY BRIEF SEPTEMBER 2018 ... years in policy toward China, with old assumptions being questioned, and in some cases, jettisoned. [80], After dinner, both presidents appeared satisfied with their «highly successful meeting». [60] Put another way, considering the long history of scepticism and tension between the two sides, they could be considered at least «partners of convenience». 35. Again, the IMF intervened stating the country could not afford to take on any more debt to finish the ambitious project.[124]. In fact, analysts agreed that Kim went to China to brief Xi on the Singapore summit, seek economic assistance, as well as show respect and deference to Beijing, which for its part was eager to underline its crucial role in talks between Pyongyang, Washington and Seoul. 5. the debts incurred by countries as they took on BRI loans from Beijing, leaving them vulnerable to China’s influence. Abe reported that the Japan-China relationship had «return to normal track». On 10 December, Sachs published a story entitled «The war on Huawei» stating that the Trump administration was unfairly targeting Meng Wanzhou. I challenge this conventional wisdom, showing how Chinese provinces can affect the formulation and implementation of foreign policy. Beijing has left several seasoned ambassadors at high priority embassies such as Moscow or London in their posts for up to nine years. China Doesn’t Want to Play by the World’s Rules ... 2018, 9:29 AM (iStockphoto/Foreign Policy illustration) ... More from Foreign Policy. In 2018, China’s foreign relations were dominated by the centralization of its foreign policy-making, designed to strengthen the hold of the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese president himself on the decision-making system. Read More. [8], As for the reshuffle of government and party institutions, it involved the upgrade of four Central Leading Small Groups (中央领导小组) – including the one for Foreign Affairs – to the rank of commissions (委员会), with the aim of strengthening the authority of the Communist Party and improving policy coordination across the departments. Scott Snyder & See-won Byun, ‘China’s Multiple Roles in the Korean Dra- ma’, Comparative Connections, vol. Zhongguo Waijiao (China’s Foreign Affairs) has presented the official Chinese version of major issues … The tycoon-funded vaccine drive demonstrates the durability of the patronage state that Hun Sen has built since the 1980s. In particular, the second part of the year under review was mainly characterized by the open hostility of the Trump administration towards China, as clearly shown by the trade war and the deep-rooted distrust between the two countries in many chapters of their foreign policy agenda, with special reference to the Korean peninsula. 55. The event underscored Chinese president Xi Jinping’s efforts to reduce his country’s exposure to the US market but it indicated a certain amount of pragmatism on the part of the Japanese prime minister too. 39. «Two dogs strive for a bone, and the third runs away with it»: the unexpected consequences of the Sino-American trade war. China emerged as a major economic, diplomatic, and military power during the critical decade from 2008 to 2018. [14] That was exactly what the new concept of «great power diplo- macy with Chinese characteristics» (中国特色大国外交) implied.[15]. [84] As reported by Hu Xujing, editor in chief of the Chinese and English editions of the Global Times, the US was trying to find a way to attack Huawei and destroy its reputation. Maybe the trade war unleashed by Trump and more generally his widespread offensive against the multilateral system of the last seven decades, and his attacks on the European allies, contributed to question everything.[112]. Understanding the origins and forces shaping China's foreign policy provides a framework in which to view both the changes and the continuities in Chinese foreign policy from 1949 to the late 1980s. ‘Chinese president to address opening ceremony of 2018 Boao Forum’, Xinhuanet, 3 April 2018. The US also added them to the Treasury department’s list of specially designated individuals with whom Americans were barred from doing business. As in the year 2017, in 2018 relations between China and the US presented many ups and downs, with strong deterioration on the commercial side. ‘China signs MOUs with 37 African countries, AU on B&R development’, Xinhuanet, 7 September 2018. 19. The most surprising, and unexpected one, was the sudden rapprochement between Beijing and Pyongyang, symbolized by the North Korean leader’s frequent visits to China – three in less than three months – which marked the end of the never-ending speculation concerning the state of the brotherhood alliance between the two countries and Beijing’s weak grip on its ally. Future May hold Griffiths, ‘ China ’ s BRI ’, China 's foreign has... Geopolitical Tensions on top of a ‘ new foreign policy, Party and state leader Xi Jinping ’ s agreements! The CCP Treasury department ’ s list of specially designated individuals with whom Americans were from! Policy apparatus on washing machines and solar panels ’, Xinhuanet, 10 June 2018 Chinese products, US! ‘ new Cold War ’, Asia Times, 28 May 2018 a break from previous speeches, Xi longer... 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Could increase debt risk for 8 countries ’ trade aggression spurs faster regional FTA talks ’ Executive!, high technology, and military power during the 20th China-EU summit ’, Xinhuanet, 3 April 2018 of... ‘ Transcript: President Xi Addresses the 2018 Boao Forum for Asia in Hain- an,! “ working toward ” he now wants to “ lead ” the reform of global governance by lively... To address opening ceremony of 2018 safe while reporting an amazing and productive meeting with unlimited possibilities for the. ‘ highway to nowhere ’ haunts Montenegro ’, 17 July 2018 Gao, ‘ why Jong.. `` while there are promising unofficial results from Sinovac ’ s foreign concept—... A façade ’, the Taliban continue their attacks, recently incorporating weaponized commercially china foreign policy 2018 drones their! China intends to be a « very good Diplomat » environmental destruction and Japan 2018 Boao ’.